Women in Development and Peace – Afrah Borji
The Yemeni woman is present in all fields, including the diplomatic and political spheres. Even though this role may be weak, there is a noticeable presence through which women strive to make an impactful mark in diplomatic and political work, both at the local and international levels.
In this regard, Boshra Al-Iryani, a Deputy Minister, states: “The general presence of women in government positions is a legitimate right and an integral part. Women in particular, reflect the extent to which they keep pace with national developments and empowerment strategies by holding specific government and diplomatic positions.”
The world views the presence of women in diplomatic positions as a soft power that reflects the progress and prosperity of nations. It also mirrors the culture, history, and ability to keep pace with events. However, women’s representation in the diplomatic field remains below the desired level. The Yemeni situation is complex, challenging, and marked by historical twists. Nevertheless, female presence remains the most suitable solution in many cases, and women have the capacity to express Yemeni humanitarian, cultural, and even political issues.
Lack of Female Representation in Decision-Making
Yemeni diplomatic work suffers from noticeable weakness, which becomes increasingly evident due to the lack of active female representation in decision-making.
Instructor Mohammed Al-Kathiri points out that this weakness stems from the conflict conditions in Yemen, which have led to the division of the state. This division has negatively impacted the effectiveness of diplomatic work, particularly concerning the presence of Yemeni women in diplomatic roles. Their absence from decision-making processes within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is striking. Notably, there are no women holding positions as ministers or ambassadors. These circumstances can be traced back to historical and cultural reasons.
He also pointed out the weakness of the role of the Diplomatic Institute in Sana’a and its suspension of work for years. This has led to a shortage of qualified diplomatic cadres, including women, and difficulty in representing Yemen on the international scene.
Al-Kathiri emphasizes the critical importance of active female participation in Yemeni diplomacy. Women are better equipped to advocate for Yemeni women’s issues, given their understanding of the needs and rights of fellow Yemeni women. The presence of successful female diplomats plays a crucial role in shifting stereotypes about Yemeni women within society and breaking down barriers to their participation across various fields.
Al-Kathiri emphasizes the critical need to support women’s participation in Yemeni diplomacy by developing specialized training programs aimed at qualifying them for diplomatic work. This includes a concerted effort to transform the work culture within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, creating an environment that is more supportive of women. Additionally, activating the role of the Diplomatic Institute in Sana’a is crucial to increase the number of qualified diplomatic personnel, including women.
In a similar context, Dr. Mervat Mojali, Yemen’s Ambassador to Poland, asserts: “Women working in diplomacy have reached high ranks in practical and professional life. There is recognition of their exceptional ability to engage in political and diplomatic battles. They have contributed significantly to this field, as diplomatic work reflects and extends from political endeavors.”
Mervat Mojali pointed out that Yemeni women have achieved remarkable accomplishments in the field of diplomacy. They have demonstrated their competence and ability to take on responsibilities for the service of their country and humanity at large. Despite the challenges faced by women in this domain, it is not related to their qualifications or capabilities to work in this field. Rather, it pertains to personal bias or gender disparities that seek to undermine their roles and question their potential for success.
Mojali adds: “Yemeni women have proven their capacity to confront challenges and showcase their competence across various domains, including diplomacy. Numerous successful female models have emerged in this field, serving as examples of excellence and capability. Fundamentally, diplomatic work is particularly suited for women because it aligns with competence, adaptability, rationality, and the ability to handle difficult and delicate situations with wisdom and patience. Moreover, women possess insightful visions for the future.”
On the other hand, human rights activist Alhan Al-Shebani explains: “Yemeni women have overcome many obstacles and barriers that stood between them and participation in public life. They actively contribute to managing the wheel of development and rebuilding Yemen.” She emphasizes the presence of distinguished female examples in the fields of politics and diplomacy in Yemen.
Al-Shebani points out that these women have prominently represented Yemen in various Arab and international forums, becoming inspirational models for Yemeni women across different domains. Their unwavering efforts have aimed at assisting and supporting fellow Yemeni women in reclaiming their rights and propelling them toward higher levels of progress and prosperity.
The Yemeni women leaders continue their efforts to support Yemeni women and empower them to participate in decision-making processes. The importance of women’s involvement in various aspects of life, including politics and diplomacy, cannot be overstated.
As one leader expressed: “I hope that society, and women in particular, collaborate to support women across all levels—economic, political, social, and beyond.”
Difficulties & Challenges
Boshra Al-Iryani, a Yemeni diplomat, states: “There are many challenges faced by women in diplomacy and the workforce in Yemen. These challenges include cultural perceptions, as the view of women is still sometimes limited. There isn’t complete faith in their ability to take leadership roles and handle affairs. One of the challenges is educational attainment; the illiteracy rate among women remains high, hindering their opportunities to receive higher education that qualifies them for diplomatic work.”
Despite the prevailing narrow perspective toward women, there has been a significant improvement in the status of Yemeni women in recent years. Notably, there are three female ambassadors, and several women have been appointed to ministerial and commissioner positions.
Similarly, Ambassador Mervat Mojali explains: “Among the challenges faced by women are cultural discrimination or gender-based biases in certain countries and communities. These challenges relate to balancing personal and family life with work commitments, travel, and mobility. Additionally, they may involve language barriers or communication difficulties in specific societies. However, these challenges remain adaptable and surmountable.”
Solutions & Recommendations
Minister Plenipotentiary Boshra Al-Iryani highlights some of the key recommendations and solutions to address these challenges. She emphasizes the need for collective efforts to strengthen women’s presence in local communities. This involves providing them with educational opportunities, qualifications, and training to become effective and influential contributors. Additionally, recognizing the critical role of media in reshaping stereotypical portrayals of women is essential. A powerful narrative that positions women as integral to the diplomatic system is crucial.
Dr. Mervat Mojali shares her perspective on proposed solutions: “In my view, the steps to enhance this participation are multifaceted. They begin with instilling confidence in women and acknowledging their capabilities. We must also revitalize specialized institutes focused on diplomatic work. Furthermore, creating opportunities for women to work, whether in diplomacy or other fields, is essential, given their boundless potential.”
Ambassador Mervat Mojali points out numerous success stories where women have been exemplary models of achievement and pioneers in advancing tasks and responsibilities across various fields. A striking truth emerges: when women are given opportunities, they excel, accomplish, and surpass themselves and others in facing challenges.
In the same context, instructor Mohammed Al-Kathiri adds: “It is crucial to highlight living examples of Yemeni women’s successes in various domains, including diplomacy. Notably, women hold leadership positions in civil society organizations and participate in Yemeni delegations to international organizations (such as the United Nations, which focuses on education, health, and community work). They have achieved remarkable successes. There are instances of women who played significant roles in diplomacy and decision-making.”